son of chandragupta maurya

A later commentator used the former interpretation to posit that Chandragupta had a Shudra background. For the genus of beetle, see, Founder of the Maurya Empire in ancient India, Medieval stone relief at Digambara pilgrimage site, Succession, renunciation, and death (Sallekhana), Some early printed editions of Justin's work wrongly mentioned "Alexandrum" instead of "Nandrum"; this error was corrected in philologist, According to Grainger, Seleucus "must ... have held Aria" (Herat), and furthermore, his "son, The authors and their affiliations listed in the title page of the reference (which has the Wikipedia page. [39] Chanakya taught and admitted him in Taxila to study the Vedas, military arts, law, and other sastras. According to the Tibetan historian, Taranath, Chanakya continued as a minister of Bindusara after Chandragupta Maurya. India in c. 4th century BCE was divided into numerous kingdoms and republics. [84][85] However, some recent authors have disputed the identification of "Sandrokottus" of Greek accounts with Chandragupta Maurya. Buy Flagyl Online, Copyright © 2021 | WordPress Theme by MH Themes, A gossip queen, informer & reporter, Miss Newshand keeps you informed about all the things happening on TV, Technology, Bollywood & Indian Politics. The texts imply the existence of cities, public works, and prosperous architecture but the historicity of these is in question. Chandragupta Maurya was the founder of the Mauryan Empire in old India. Bindusara fathered a son, Ashoka, who went on to become one of the most powerful kings of the Indian subcontinent. , things have changed drastically. [121], Archeological discoveries in the modern age, such as those Didarganj Yakshi discovered in 1917 buried beneath the banks of the Ganges suggest exceptional artisanal accomplishment. The later Greco-Roman writers Strabo, Arrian, and Justin (c. 2nd century) call him "Sandrocottus". Another serial Chakravartin Ashoka Samrat too showed a son of Helena. Alexander the Great (356 – 323 BC… He concluded these goddesses were protecting the town people. [110], During Chandragupta's reign and that of his dynasty, many religions thrived in India, with Buddhism, Jainism and Ajivika gaining prominence along with other folk traditions. [115], The strongest evidence of infrastructure development is found in the Junagadh rock inscription of Rudradaman in Gujarat, dated to about 150 CE. [57] Chandragupta laid siege to Kusumapura (now Patna), the capital of Magadha, by deploying guerrilla warfare methods with the help of mercenaries from conquered areas. [118] They considered economic prosperity essential to the pursuit of dharma (virtuous life) and adopted a policy of avoiding war with diplomacy yet continuously preparing the army for war to defend its interests and other ideas in the Arthashastra. He is described as a great king, but not as great in power and influence as Porus in northwestern India or Agrammes (Dhana Nanda) in eastern India. [56][55], The conquest was fictionalised in Mudrarakshasa, in which Chandragupta is said to have first acquired Punjab and allied with a local king named Parvatka under the Chanakya's advice before advancing on the Nanda Empire. His rule developed land routes to transport goods across the Indian subcontinent. The ideas of Kautilya were recorded in a book called "Arthashastra". [83] In Greek and Latin accounts, Chandragupta is known as Sandrakottos (Greek: Σανδράκοττος) and Androcottus (Greek: Ανδροκόττος). He was the son of the dynasty's founder Chandragupta and the father of its most famous ruler Ashoka. Bindusara's son Ashoka the Great became one of the most influential kings in India's history due to his important role in the history of Buddhism. Canto 8, verses 170 to 469, describes the legend of Chandragupta and Chanakya's influence on him. [17][18][19] The common theme in the Hindu sources is that Chandragupta came from a humble background and with Chanakya, he emerged as a dharmic king loved by his subjects. [6][7] Chandragupta's reign, and the Maurya Empire, set an era of economic prosperity, reforms, infrastructure expansions, and tolerance. It was written nearly 1,400 years after Chandragupta's death. [50] He then refined his strategy by establishing garrisons in the conquered territories, and finally besieged the Nanda capital Pataliputra. The Maurya Empire added Arachosia (Kandahar), Gedrosia (Balochistan), and Paropamisadae (Gandhara). [64][65] The nature of early relationship between these governors and Chandragupta is unknown. [28] However, the story makes no mention of the Maurya empire, and mentions that his disciple Chandragupta lived in and migrated from Ujjain – a kingdom (northwest Madhya Pradesh) about a thousand kilometers west of the Magadha and Patliputra (central Bihar). The Maurya Empire was founded in 322 BCE by Chandragupta Maurya, who had overthrown the Nanda Dynasty. [23] The sources claim that the family branched off to escape persecution from a king of the Kosala Kingdom and Chandragupta's ancestors moved into a secluded Himalayan kingdom known for its peacocks. [89], There are no records of Chandragupta's military conquests and the reach of his empire. He said to have conquered ‘the land between the two seas’ i.e. Buy Cozaar Online According to a 5th-century text of the Svetambara Jains, the Digambara sect of Jainism was founded 609 years after Mahavira's death, or in 1st-century CE. So, any instances related to Chandragupta Maurya’s son other than Bindusara is purely fictional as Durdhara putra Bindusara was the only son of Chandragupta Maurya who went on to become his heir without any trouble. However, historian Radha Kumud Mukherjee opposed this theory, and stated that the word should be interpreted as "the best of kings". He ruled from 324 BCE until his voluntary retirement and abdication in favour of his son, Bindusara, in 297 BC. [24], The 12th-century Digambara text Parishishtaparvan by Hemachandra is the main and earliest Jain source of the complete legend of Chandragupta. [2][10][11] According to Digambara Jain accounts that, Bhadrabahu forecasted a 12-year famine because of all the killing and violence during the conquests by Chandragupta Maurya. According to one theory, it may be derived from the Greek royal title Basileus, but there is no concrete evidence of this: the Indian sources apply it to several non-royals, especially wandering teachers and ascetics. [61] With a depleted treasury, exhausted merit, and insufficient intelligence, the Nanda king lost. Based on these, the North-West reach of his empire included parts of present-day Afghanistan that Seleucus I Nicator ceded to him including Kabul, Kandahar, Taxila and Gandhara. [98] Chandragupta applied the statecraft and economic policies described in Chanakya's text Arthashastra. Some local legends in Patna say Helena stayed back in Pataliputra after the death of Chandragupta Maurya, and left for Macedonia a few years later during the reign of Bindusara, son of Chandragupta Maurya from another wife. Prior to his consolidation of power, Alexander the Great had invaded the North-West Indian subcontinent before abandoning his campaign in 324 BCE due to a mutiny caused by the prospect of facing another large empire, presumably the Nanda Empire. Seleucus married off his daughter to Chandragupta to forge an alliance. [45], According to the Buddhist text Mahavamsa Tika, Chandragupta and Chanakya raised an army by recruiting soldiers from many places after the former completed his education at Taxila. Bindusara - Son of Chandragupta Maurya; Ashoka - Son of Bindusara; Kautilya (Chanakya) was well known wise person who helped Chandragupta Maurya in ruling and expanding the empire. 298 B.C.) [134], Along with texts, several Digambara Jain inscriptions dating from the 7th–15th century refer to Bhadrabahu and a Prabhacandra. [41] Chandragupta became a commander of the Nanda army, but according to Justin, Chandragupta offended the Nanda king ("Nandrum" or "Nandrus") who ordered his execution. It states, among other things, that Rudradaman repaired and enlarged the reservoir and irrigation conduit infrastructure built by Chandragupta and enhanced by Asoka. [125], The circumstances and year of Chandragupta's death are unclear and disputed. In this question-answer set, we cover all the questions asked in different examinations … [139] According to Hemachandra's legend, Chanakya also performed sallekhana. Chandragupta's life and accomplishments are described in ancient and historical Greek, Hindu, Buddhist, and Jain texts, though they significantly vary in detail. He was born in a severe condition where his mother’s body was fully filled with poison. Similarly, Jain sources composed give different gaps between Mahavira's death and his accession. [12] Megasthenes' account, as it has survived in Greek texts that quote him, states that Alexander the Great and Chandragupta met, which if true would mean his rule started earlier than 321 BCE. Destined to a modest foundation, he was educated and guided by Chanakya who had an extraordinary impact on the arrangement of his domain. [10][137][138], The 12th-century Svetambara Jain legend by Hemachandra presents a different picture. The son of Chandragupta Maurya, who was the second Mauryan King, he was dubbed " Anutrochates" by the Greek scholars, a transliteration of the Sanskrit word ' Amitraghata ' which meant "slayer of enemies" (Pletcher, 69). Various sources report Chandragupta frequently changed bedrooms to confuse conspirators. [69], R. C. Majumdar and D. D. Kosambi note that Seleucus appeared to have fared poorly after ceding large territories west of the Indus to Chandragupta. [126] These Jain accounts appeared in texts such as Brihakathā kośa (931 CE) of Harishena, Bhadrabāhu charita (1450 CE) of Ratnanandi, Munivaṃsa bhyudaya (1680 CE) and Rajavali kathe. Important Facts About Chandragupta Maurya : Chandragupta fought his last battle with Seleucus Nicator; Some Historiographers have said that Chandragupta Maurya was the son of that king who ruled on the small republic of Nepal, a valley in the primitive region of ancient India.His mother came to Pataliputra with him after killing his father and grabbing the kingdom. Helena, however, had a son who believed to have returned to Macedonia with her. North-eastern India, however, was outside the Mauryan Empire. He was taught and counselled by the philosopher Chanakya, who had great influence in the formation of his empire. The competing theories state that the art linked to Chandragupta Maurya's dynasty was learnt from the Greeks and West Asia in the years Alexander the Great waged war; or that these artifacts belong to an older indigenous Indian tradition. The state, however, encouraged competing private parties to operate mines and supply these centres. [141], "Sandracottus" redirects here. Chanakya, who was a Jain follower, persuaded Chandragupta to convert to Jainism by showing that Jain ascetics avoided women and focused on their religion. [43][note 1] The Mudrarakshasa also states that Chanakya swore to destroy the Nanda dynasty after he felt insulted by the king. [21][25] Other Digambara Jain sources state he moved to Karnataka after renouncing his kingdom and performed Sallekhana – the Jain religious ritual of peacefully welcoming death by fasting. [15] Another Sanskrit dramatic text Mudrarakshasa uses the terms Vrishala and Kula-Hina to describe Chandragupta. [94] At the time of his grandson Ashoka's ascension in c. 268 BCE, the empire extended up to present-day Karnataka in the south, so the southern conquests may be attributed to either Chandragupta or his son Bindusara. The Maurya Empire was centralized by the conquest of the Indo-Gangetic Plain, and its capital city was located at Pataliputra. Although the serial Chandra Nandni is showing Helena’s son. According to the Sinhalese Buddhist tradition, Chandragupta's mother was pregnant when his father - who was the chief of the Moriya clan - was killed in a battle. [47][48] According to Justin, Chandragupta organized an army. [36][37], According to the Digambara legend by Hemachandra, Chanakya was a Jain layperson and a Brahmin. [25] The legend mentions Chanakya aiding the premature birth of Bindusara,[25] It states in verse 8.444 that "Chandragupta died in meditation (can possibly be sallekhana.) Chandragupta succeeded in bringing together most of the Indian subcontinent. [91][92], In the west, Chandragupta's rule over present-day Gujarat is attested to by Ashoka's inscription in Junagadh. The empire built up by Chandragupta included Bihar and large portions of Orissa and Bengal as also of western and north­western India. The historical sources which describe the life of Chandragupta Maurya vary considerably in details. Sushim, Ashoka, Vita Ashoka and five others were the grandchildren of Chandragupta. During his last days, Chandragupta Maurya surrendered his throne to his son, Bindusara and spent his life as an ascetic. This Digambara Jain chronology, also, is not reconcilable with the chronology implied in other Indian and non-Indian sources. However, he died as a baby. [25] It states in verses 8.415 to 8.435, that for 15 years as king, Chandragupta was a follower of non-Jain "ascetics with the wrong view of religion" (non-Jain) and "lusted for women". [2] Other scholars have taken Rice's deduction of Chandragupta Maurya retiring and dying in Shravanabelagola as the working hypothesis, since no alternate historical information or evidence is available about Chandragupta's final years and death. The edict inscriptions and carvings on monumental pillars are attributed to his grandson Ashoka. Buy Cipro Online He led a group of Jain monks to south India, where Chandragupta Maurya joined him as a monk after abdicated his kingdom to his son Bindusara. Instead of prolonging the war, both parties settled on a marriage alliance between Chandragupta and the daughter of Seleucus I Nicator instead. If the Jain tradition about Chandragupta ending his life as a renunciate in Karnakata is considered correct, it appears that Chandragupta initiated the southern conquest. These strategies may have resulted from the historical context of the Nanda king who had come to power by assassinating the previous king. The other major strategic road infrastructure credited to this tradition spread from Pataliputra in various directions, connecting it with Nepal, Kapilavastu, Dehradun, Mirzapur, Odisha, Andhra, and Karnataka. Bindusara Maurya was the second Great Hindu emperor of the Mauryan Empire, ruling it from 298 BC to 272 BC. [3][27][96] Chandragupta's empire extended from Bengal to central Afghanistan encompassing most of the Indian subcontinent except for parts that are now Tamil Nadu, Kerala and Odisha. [14] The Chanakya's Arthasastra refers to the Nanda rule as against the spiritual, cultural, and military interests of the country, a period where intrigue and vice multiplied. The historical sources which describe the life of Chandragupta Maurya vary considerably in detail. When Chandragupta grew up, the cowherd sold him to a hunter who employed him to tend cattle. Buddhism, Jainism and Ajivika gained prominence alongside Vedic and Brahmanistic traditions, and minority religions such as Zoroastrianism and the Greek pantheon were respected. If so, it was a very precocious act even for Chandragupta—Philip was assassinated in 326 when the future ruler of the Maurya Empire was still an anonymous teenager. He had councillors for matters of justice and assessors to collect taxes on commercial activity and trade goods. [78], After annexing Seleucus' provinces west of the Indus river, Chandragupta had a vast empire extending across the northern Indian sub-continent from the Bay of Bengal to the Arabian Sea. That time Alexandar was near Hindukush which assumed as a geographical boundary of Hindustan. Then there is this version that Chandragupta was the son of the last king of the Sisunaka dynasty, Mahanandin, and Mura, and whose second wife Sunanda was the mother of the Nanda brothers. Broadly, they mention young Chandragupta creating a mock game of a royal court that he and his cowherd friends played near Vinjha forest. Chandragupta Maurya. The foremost among them was the kingdom of Magadha in eastern India, whose rulers beginning with King Bimbisara (543 – 492 BCE) had embarked on a quest for empire-building. [127][128][129] Chandragupta lived as an ascetic at Shravanabelagola for several years before fasting to death as per the Jain practice of sallekhana, according to the Digambara legend. [68][69] Seleucus and Chandragupta waged war until they came to an understanding with each other. [99][100][101] There are varying accounts in the historic, legendary, and hagiographic literature of various Indian religions about Chandragupta's rule, but Allchin and Erdosy' are suspect; they state, "one cannot but be struck by the many close correspondences between the (Hindu) Arthashastra and the two other major sources the (Buddhist) Asokan inscriptions and (Greek) Megasthenes text". Many religions thrived within his realms and his descendants' empire. Some sources allege that Chandragupta Maurya may have arranged for the assassination of two of the Macedonian satraps: Philip, son of Machatas, and Nicanor of Parthia. Chandra Nandini is an Indian Hindi-language Historical fictional drama television series which started airing on Star Plus on 10 October 2016 till 10 November 2017. [130][26][131], In accordance with the Digambara tradition, the hill on which Chandragupta is stated to have performed asceticism is now known as Chandragiri hill, and Digambaras believe that Chandragupta Maurya erected an ancient temple that now survives as the Chandragupta basadi. [73] According to one version, the marriage treaty involved an Indian princess, while a different version states a Seleucid princess married into the Mauryan family. [21][25] The Jain Brahmin then went about making money through magic, and returned later to claim young Chandragupta,[25] whom he taught and trained. In exchange, he asked the mother to give up the boy and let him adopt him at a later date. Another inscription of 1163 similarly couples and describes them. Buddhist texts such as Milindapanha claim Magadha was ruled by the Nanda dynasty, which, with Chanakya's counsel, Chandragupta conquered to restore dhamma. Regarding the inscriptions describing the relation of Bhadrabahu and Chandragupta Maurya, Radha Kumud Mookerji writes, The oldest inscription of about 600 AD associated "the pair (yugma), Bhadrabahu along with Chandragupta Muni." One medieval commentator states Chandragupta to be the son of one of the Nanda's wives with the name Mura. Samudragupta, ruler of the Gupta Empire (c. 335 – c. 375 CE), and successor to Chandragupta I, is considered to be one of the greatest military geniuses in … Chandragupta Maurya (died ca. [61][21] With the defeat of Nanda, Chandragupta Maurya founded the Maurya Empire in ancient India. In Ancient Greek and Latin accounts, Chandragupta is referred as Sandrokottos or Androcottus. A commentator on Vishnu Puran first propounded the theory that Chandragupta Maurya was the son … Chandragupta Maurya. Bindusara, the son of Chandragupta Maurya, ascend to throne after his father. Chanakya made Chandragupta the leader of the army. [38] By the time his conquests were complete, Chandragupta's empire extended over most of the subcontinent. [24] The Maha-bodhi-vasa states he hailed from Moriya-nagara, while the Digha-Nikaya states he came from the Moriya clan of Pipphalivana. Long states scholars attribute the disintegration of the Maurya empire to the times and actions of Samprati Chandragupta – the grandson of Ashoka and great-great-grandson of Chandragupta Maurya. Bindusara (r. c. 297 – c. 273 BCE), also Amitraghāta (Sanskrit for [14], Hindu sources are inconsistent. The Jain literature mentions that Durdhara fell in love with Chandragupta Maurya when he saved her from a prince, who was having perverted intention. [79], Two poetic anthologies from the Tamil Sangam literature corpus – Akananuru and Purananuru – allude to the Nanda rule and Maurya empire. The truth is Chandragupta Maurya married. Hemacandra wrote Chanakya swindled them into removing the mother goddesses. His later life was sad enough as he ended his life in self-starvation in a place in Karnataka, Sravenbelagola. Children of Chandragupt Maurya. Miss Newshand [62] The Jain sources attest that his daughter fell in love at first sight with Chandragupta and married him. [109] Another administrative structure managed city affairs, including all matters related to trade, merchant activity, visit of foreigners, harbors, roads, temples, markets, and industries. Magadha’s boundaries had thus been much extended over time and contained a good part of central, eastern and north-eastern India. Together, states a Digambara legend, Chandragupta and Bhadrabahu moved to Shravanabelagola, in present-day south Karnataka. [43][53] After Alexander ended his campaign and left, Chandragupta's army conquered the Nanda capital Pataliputra around 322 BCE with Chanakya's counsel. and went to heaven". [116] Chandragupta's empire also built mines, manufacturing centres, and networks for trading goods. For example, they mention a city named "Moriya-nagara" where all buildings were made of bricks colored like the peacock's neck. Bindusara is known as "The Son of a Father and the Father of a Son" because he was the son of a great father Chandragupta MauryaChandragupta Maurya. Chandragupta Maurya renounced his throne to his son, Bindusara, who became the new Mauryan Emperor. Chandragupta began expanding his empire southwards beyond the Vindhya Range and into the Deccan Plateau. For Chandragupta's safety, his maternal uncles helped a cowherd adopt him. [58][59] Historian P. K. Bhattacharyya states that the empire was built by a gradual conquest of provinces after the initial consolidation of Magadha. It was produced by Ekta Kapoor under her banner Balaji Telefilms and is directed by Ranjan Kumar Singh. The earliest and most important inscriptions mention Prabhacandra, which Rice presumed may have been the "clerical name assumed by Chadragupta Maurya" after he renounced and moved with Bhadrabahu from Patliputra. [63], According to Appian, Seleucus I Nicator, one of Alexander's Macedonian generals who in 312 BCE established the Seleucid Kingdom with its capital at Babylon, brought Persia and Bactria under his own authority, putting his eastern front facing the empire of Chandragupta. Shravanabelagola, in present-day south Karnataka years after retreating of Alexandar to Babylon in BCE... Chandragupta 's safety, his maternal uncles left him with a 7th-century hagiographic inscription Hemachandra presents a picture! By Hemachandra is the main and earliest Jain source of the soldiers and Bhadrabahu moved to Shravanabelagola,.. 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