Nehemiah pinpointed the time further by giving us the Hebrew month in which this event occurred. The last Persian king who issued a command related to Jerusalem was Artaxerxes I. (In Nehemiah 1:1-3 we find mention of Nehemiah’s 20th year in Shushan, but there is no reference to the king’s years and no reference to a specific king of Persia.) It empowered the judiciary to punish wrongdoers, even granting the authority to impose the death sentence. Download Artaxerxes Decree To Rebuild Jerusalem pdf. Furthermore, this decree provided for the restoration of local government on a scale not mentioned in the other decrees (note Ezra 7:21-28). Daniel 9:25 states that the 'seventy weeks' (generally interpreted as 490 years according to the day-year principle) is to begin "from the time the word goes out to restore and rebuild Jerusalem," which is when the Persian king Artaxerxes I, gave the decree to rebuild Jerusalem to Ezra, so the 490 years point to the time of Christ's anointing. The book of Ezra was written in Jerusalem for the Jews. Therefore, Cyrus was the king that gave the “commandment to restore and to build Jerusalem” in Daniel 9:25. From these documents we know that Xerxes was killed in late December of 465 B.C., and the reign of Artaxerxes began at that time. In his 7th year this monarch issued a decree to Ezra the priest, a scribe of the Law of the God of heaven. Artaxerxes reigned from 465 B.C. 445 B.C. Artaxerxes’ decree to rebuild Jerusalem fulfilled part of Daniel’s “70 Weeks” prophecy and set the prophetic clock ticking down to the time of the Messiah (Daniel 9:25). This date is very well established in secular history. Daniel's prophecy of 69 weeks commences with a decree to restore and rebuild Jerusalem, and the timeline of Artaxerxes I verifies when Artaxerxes issued that decree to Ezra.. The 20th year of Artaxerxes and the edict to rebuild Jerusalem was therefore in 445 B.C. Third, the context of Daniel’s prayer in Daniel chapter 9 clearly points to the decree of Cyrus as the commandment to restore and to build Jerusalem. And as a result of this decree Ezra began to build the city--see the letter to Artaxerxes in Ezra 4. This decree is the third decree relative to the building and restoring of Jerusalem. After construction was stopped on the temple by the Persian king “Artaxerxes”, Yahweh in the 2nd year of Darius (520 BC) personally commanded Israel to return and build. Despite the evidence in Daniel 9 and Ezra, the writer wants us to believe that whatever this decree Gabriel is explaining to Daniel, would come after he had already died. It was in this time frame, specifically in 457 B.C., the seventh year of Artaxerxes (see verses 7-8) that the king gave permission to Ezra to lead a band of exiles back to Jerusalem. This “commandment” was given as a word (dabar) of Yahweh through the prophets Haggai and Zechariah. The quarterly curiously concludes that the decree is that of Artaxerxes in 457 BCE, when Jerusalem began to be rebuilt, not before (p. 14, teachers’ edition). The Command to Restore and Build. Third, there is no biblically documented decree regarding the rebuilding of Jerusalem to be found in a copy of the letter given to Ezra, and there is no biblical documentation of such a decree being given to Nehemiah in the 20 th year of Artaxerxes I. — Artaxerxes issued a decree to Nehemiah to rebuild the walls of Jerusalem (Nehemiah 2:1-8). On the surface, the third decree, the one issued to Nehemiah, seems to be the most obvious candidate for the starting date of the prophecy, for it is the only one that specifically relates to the rebuilding of the city. Unlike King Cyrus whose decree remained valid all the days of his reign, Artaxerxes nullified his decree that would have continued to favor the building of Jerusalem. to 425 B.C. 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