battle of molino del rey

The night of the 7th, Worth sent for his brigade and regimental commanders, with their staffs, to come to his quarters to receive instructions for the morrow. His dual victories at Contreras and Churubusco on August 19-20 brought the American army within a hand’s reach of Mexico City, but then Scott stopped. Division. Battle of Molino del Rey; Part of the Mexican–American War: A painting of the battle: Date: 8 September 1847: Location: Mexico City. The battle began at dawn by Huger's 24-pounder opening on El Molino del Rey, when Major Wright, of the 8th Infantry, fell upon the center with 500 picked men. [20] Souham's French and Pino's Italian divisions were made up of crack troops. As a result, a new army was created under Major General Winfield Scott and ordered to capture the key port city of Veracruz. On September 6, 1847, as the armistice and negotiations that followed the Battle of Churubusco were breaking down, a large number of Mexican troops were observed around a group of low, massive stone buildings known as El Molino del Rey or King's Mill. [8] The local authorities appointed Del Palacio the new Captain General of Catalonia and he opened a blockade of Barcelona. Winning the Battle of Chapultepec, he captured the city and effectively won the war. Though Major General Zachary Taylor had won a series of victories at Palo Alto, Resaca de la Palma, and Monterrey, President James K. Polk elected to shift the focus of American efforts from northern Mexico to a campaign against Mexico City. Saint-Cyr was reinforced by 18,000 men from the garrison of Italy, though it would be weeks before they could arrive. [18], Souham's division crossed at the ford of Sant Joan Despí. Winfield Scott’s armistice had failed. On 2 May 1808, street riots in Madrid were put down with extreme measures by Marshal Joachim Murat and 20,000 Imperial troops. The Spanish troops under Alvarez and Lazán harassed Reille's division near Girona. In their wake, the victorious Imperial French troops occupied the watershed of the Llobregat and areas to the west, including the important defile at Ordal. Volviendo a la columna de Estados Unidos que capturó a la batería central mexicana, entre la Casa Mata y Molino del Rey: se apodera de las piezas y ya las lleva en son de triunfo, cuando tras los victoriosos estadounidenses carga a paso veloz el 3º Ligero del teniente coronel Echegaray, que en Chapultepec permanecía de reserva. Advancing against the mill and engaging the Mexican defenders, the 4th U.S. Infantry lost 11 of its 14 officers. At 6:00 am the real Imperial assault began when Saint-Cyr ordered his other three divisions to advance. For the battle in 1847, see, Luis Rebolledo de Palafox y Melci, 1st marqués de Lazán, "Battle of Molins del Rey, 21 December 1808", "Siege of Barcelona, 1 August – 17 December 1808", https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Battle_of_Molins_de_Rei&oldid=1015193455, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License, This page was last edited on 31 March 2021, at 03:07. Recommended. Mexican-American War: Battle of Molino del Rey. Briefly withdrawing, the Americans witnessed Mexican troops sortie from the Casa and kill nearby wounded soldiers. Vives failed to assume responsibility, leaving it to Reding to decide whether to defend or retreat. Occasional ships got through the British blockade to keep Barcelona fed. With the Mexican retreat, the battle ended. The Imperial advance rolled up the broken Spanish left and center, thrusting them toward the north in a confused mass. (58.7 × 77.8 × 4.4 cm) Image (Canvas): 18 1/8 × 25 1/2 in. The Spani… The Battle of El Molino del Rey (Attack upon the Casa Mata) General William J. Meanwhile, the inland route was blocked by Spanish-held Girona and Hostalric. However, a withdrawal to Ordal would open the Barcelona–Lleida highway to the French. Mexican-American War: Battle of Churubusco, Mexican-American War: Battle of Chapultepec, Mexican-American War: Battle of Cerro Gordo, Mexican-American War: Battle of Contreras, The Battle of Chapultepec in the Mexican-American War, Mexican-American War: General Winfield Scott, Mexican-American War: Battle of Monterrey, American Civil War: Brigadier General Nathaniel Lyon, Mexican-American War: Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo, Mexican-American War: Major General Zachary Taylor, M.S., Information and Library Science, Drexel University, B.A., History and Political Science, Pennsylvania State University. The Battle of Molino del Rey (8 September 1847) was one of the bloodiest engagements of the Mexican–American War as part of the Battle for Mexico City. The second echelon of Reding's Granadan troops arrived at the front and reinforcements also came from Mallorca. Not to be outdone, the prickly Saint-Cyr produced a copy of one of Duhesme's dispatches to Marshal Louis-Alexandre Berthier stating that his garrison was in dire straits and begging for its relief. (46 × 64.8 cm); Gilcrease Museum, Tulsa, Oklahoma Miután a fejlett belvízi Veracruz, és többször nyert győzelmet, vezérőrnagy Winfield Scott „s az amerikai hadsereg közeledett Mexico City. Infobox Military Conflict conflict=Battle of Molino del Rey partof=the Mexican American War caption= date=September 8, 1847 place=Mexico City, D.F. To the west, he stationed around 4,000 cavalry under General Juan Alvarez with the hope of striking the American flank. Attacking under heavy fire, they succeeded in overrunning the enemy lines outside the Molino. On September 6, 1847, as the armistice and negotiations that followed the Battle of Churubusco were breaking down, a large number of Mexican troops were observed around a group of low, massive stone buildings known as El Molino del Rey or King's Mill. [15], On 16 December, Conde de Caldagues drove off a strong sortie that was mounted by the defenders of Barcelona, but that evening he heard about the Spanish defeat at Cardedeu. [21] Saint-Cyr's force also included Fontane's cavalry brigade, consisting of the Italian Royal Horse Chasseurs and the 7th Italian Dragoons. The Dos de Mayo Uprising caught the Imperial French occupation forces in Spain off guard. After the Treaties of Tilsit in 1807, Emperor Napoleon began to exhibit such signs of megalomania that his brilliant diplomat Charles Maurice de Talleyrand-Périgord resigned as foreign minister. With this thrust faltering, Garland's brigade swept in from the east. Reding was fooled and reinforced his left by drawing some troops from his right flank. Moving forward, troops led by Major General William J. The battle of Molino del Rey was fought on the 8th of September. [5] Already on 17 August 1808, Napoleon appointed Laurent Gouvion Saint-Cyr to be his new commander in Catalonia. The Peninsular War engagement was fought near Molins de Rei, located 15 kilometres (9 mi) west of Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain. still image. [24], Most of the routed Spanish soldiers fled to Tarragona for sanctuary, while others headed for Lleida or Tortosa. In the resulting assault, McIntosh was killed as was his replacement. Very soon, the Spanish people rose in rebellion against the French occupation forces. [17], Reding and Caldagues wanted to retreat west into the very strong position at Ordal, where they planned to construct an entrenched camp. [25] The Granadans included the Santa Fé and 1st Antequera Regiments while the Mallorcans consisted of the Beschard Swiss Regiment and the Palma Militia. This was the moment for Chabran to convert his false attack into an actual assault, but he hesitated. Brigadier General Z. Taylor By same artist. The Spanish troops of the center began to march downhill to oppose Souham, but they flinched and did not push their attack. Included are major actions at the battles of Molino del Rey and Chapultepec, culminating with the fall of Mexico City. In the resulting fighting, the storming party lost eleven of fourteen officers, including Wright. By August 24, Scott and Mexican president Antonio Lopez de Santa Anna agreed on a ceasefire that kept the armies at bay while negotiators began… A somewhat Pyrrhic victory for Scott, no evidence was found that cannon were being manufactured in the facility. By the end of August 1808, the Franco-Italian garrison of Barcelona found itself isolated and in danger of capture. Driving towards Mexico City, he won battles at Contreras and Churubusco in August 1847. The battle of Molino del Rey was fought on the 8th of September. The Battle of Molino del Rey was fought September 8, 1847, during the Mexican-American War (1846-1848). Nearing the gates of the city, Scott entered into a truce with Santa Anna in the hopes of ending the war. Vives belatedly arrived on the battlefield at this time. Permalink. BATTLE OF EL MOLINO DEL REY. During the hasty retreat, Caldagues abandoned a large food depot at Sarrià to the Imperial French. The Battle of Molins de Rei or Battle of Molins de Rey or Battle of Molins del Rey (21 December 1808) saw an Imperial French corps led by Laurent Gouvion Saint-Cyr attack a Spanish army temporarily led by Theodor von Reding and the Conde de Caldagues because its commander Juan Miguel de Vives y Feliu was absent. These orders contemplated a movement up … 1 BATTLE OF MOLINO DEL REY & CASTLE OF CHAPULTEPEC Who was … Hickman, Kennedy. Accordingly, Caldagues withdrew the blockading force behind the Llobregat River to positions from Molins de Rei on the north and Sant Boi de Llobregat on the south. The French captured 1,200 men, 25 cannons,[23] a magazine containing 3,000,000 cartridges, and many muskets thrown away by the fleeing Spanish soldiers. [6] Chabot's division consisted of one battalion of French soldiers and two of Neapolitans. Blowing up the Foundry by the Victorious American Army under General Worth. Throughout the battle, the superior employment of combined arms by American forces made the difference between victory and defeat. Battles of the United States.Vol. [25], Saint-Cyr might have tried to capture Tarragona, but he believed that he would need a siege train and a large supply of ammunition in order to reduce that powerful fortress. [7], Meanwhile, 10,000 Spanish regulars were idle in the Balearic Islands because their commander Juan Miguel de Vives y Feliu was afraid that his new British allies planned to seize the islands. Then he announced that his brother Joseph Bonaparte would reign as the Spanish king. Aware of Scott's intentions, Santa Anna ordered five brigades, supported by artillery, to defend the Molino and Casa de Mata. On the left was the 2d Brigade, commanded by Colonel McIntosh, supported by Duncan's battery. View The Battle of El Molino del Rey - Casa Mata.doc from MILITARY S 455 at California State University, Fullerton. The Imperial forces included the divisions of Chabran, Souham, Pino, and Chabot. "Mexican-American War: Battle of Molino del Rey." Building a major base at Veracruz, Scott began making preparations to advance inland before yellow fever season arrived. In late July, Reille and Duhesme converged on Girona from north and south and began the Second Siege of Gerona. Advancing, McIntosh quickly found that the Casa was a stone fortress and not an earthen fort as originally believed. Explore museums and play with Art Transfer, Pocket Galleries, Art Selfie, and more. It would be difficult for the French to supply Barcelona by sea with warships of the British Royal Navy hovering off the coast. When Reille and 2,500 troops tried to exact revenge he met with a stinging repulse. [24] Another source claimed that the Spanish sustained losses of 1,000 soldiers killed and wounded plus 1,200 men, 25 guns, and one color captured. As the infantry moved forward, a force of 270 dragoons, led by Major Edwin V. Sumner, screened the American left flank. Major Ringgold, Mortally Wounded Created around the same time. Duhesme had to abandon his artillery and wagon train before his troops escaped to Barcelona on 20 August 1808. Surrounding the Mexican position, the Americans attacked and were repulsed. Worth's division which was located at nearby Tacubaya. Engraving by Phillbrown. Palacio remained so inert during the summer and fall that he was replaced as Captain General by Vives on 28 October. 2, p 519. The Battle of Molino del Rey was fought September 8, 1847, during the Mexican-American War (1846-1848). Though it lasted only two hours, the Battle of Molino del Rey proved one of the bloodiest of the conflict. Johnson, Frey and Company, NY. ThoughtCo, Feb. 16, 2021, thoughtco.com/battle-of-molino-del-rey-2361045. [13] Vives became separated from his army. The Battle of Molino del Rey was one of the bloodiest engagements of the Mexican-American War. The Battle of Molino del Rey was one of the bloodiest engagements of the Mexican-American War.It was fought in September 1847 between Mexican forces under General Antonio Léon against an American force under General Winfield Scott at El Molino del Rey near Mexico City. Download. As the bulk of his army would not be ready to assault Mexico City for several days, Scott determined to conduct a minor action against the Molino in the meantime. [27] The next large engagement in Catalonia was the Battle of Valls on 25 February 1809. Battle of Molino del Rey... (Supplemental) Get the app. On the morning of 17 December, Saint-Cyr led his army of relief into Barcelona. Expand Favorite. There were also 356 artillerymen and wagon drivers. BATTLE OF MOLINO DEL REY. This operation progressed so slowly that Conde de Caldagues attacked the siege lines and forced the French to withdraw. Spread across the distance of this point, they were about 1,000 yards (0.91 km) west of the Castle at Chapultepec, which itself was about two miles (3 km) from the gates of Me… Meanwhile, on various pretexts, Napoleon moved significant bodies of Imperial French troops into Spain. Vives tightened the blockade of Barcelona and finally drove the garrison within its walls on 26 November. View Molino_del_Rey__Chapultepec from HIST MISC at University of Nevada, Las Vegas. After a risky campaign, Saint-Cyr defeated a Spanish force at Cardadeu and reached Barcelona. (2021, February 16). Updated September 01, 2018. [28], Coordinates: .mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}41°24′50″N 2°0′57″E / 41.41389°N 2.01583°E / 41.41389; 2.01583, This article is about the battle in 1808. Souham's division took post at El Vendrell, Pino's at Sitges and Vilafranca del Penedès, Chabran's at Martorell, and Chabot's at Sant Sadurní d'Anoia. Seeing his troops running for their lives, Vives immediately decamped. The French lost 400 killed and wounded out of a total of 18,000 men and 48 guns. The Battle of Molins de Rei or Battle of Molins de Rey or Battle of Molins del Rey (21 December 1808) saw an Imperial French corps led by Laurent Gouvion Saint-Cyr attack a Spanish army temporarily led by Theodor von Reding and the Conde de Caldagues because its commander Juan Miguel de Vives y Feliu was absent. Reille retired to Figueres with little trouble, but the miquelets, a Catalan militia, harassed Duhesme's soldiers unmercifully. A division from the Province of Aragon under Luis Rebolledo de Palafox y Melci, 1st marqués de Lazán reached Lleida. Type of Resource. Battle of Molino del Rey The Battle of Molino del Rey (8 September 1847) was a major battle of the Mexican-American War that occurred when the 4,000-strong Mexican army of General Antonio Leon attempted to delay the advance of the 9,800-strong American army … For the operation, he selected Major General William J. Undeterred, Napoleon got King Charles IV of Spain and his son Prince Ferdinand into his custody and then tricked both into abdicating. Learning of Mexican forces in a mill complex known as the Molino del Rey, Scott ordered an attack to capture the facilities as intelligence suggested they were being used to cast cannon. Medium: 1 print. Battle of Molino del Rey From Wikipedia the free encyclopedia. Brigadier General Newman Clarke's brigade (temporarily led by Lieutenant Colonel James S. McIntosh) was directed to move west and assault the Casa de Mata. Artist. Saint-Cyr believed securing enough food for his army was his first priority and reopening his supply line with France was his second priority. Located southwest of Mexico City, the Molino del Rey (King's Mill) consisted of a series stone buildings that once had housed flour and gunpowder mills. [4], When Napoleon finally understood the scope of the problem in Catalonia, he made some significant changes. These were overseen by Brigadier Generals Antonio Leon and Francisco Perez. [14], The French commander knew that besieging Girona would take too long, so he sent away his artillery and his wagon trains and boldly slipped past Girona, leaving Reille's division behind. Though this was largely due to Polk's concerns about Taylor's political ambitions, it was also supported by reports that an advance against the enemy capital from the north would be exceptionally difficult. ... Six days after the fall of Molino del Rey … "Mexican-American War: Battle of Molino del Rey." Copy of lithograph by James Baillie, 1848. By the time Chabran's troops splashed across the Llobregat, most of the Spanish troops had fled beyond their reach. [26], The Spanish authorities induced the incompetent Vives to resign and replaced him with Reding, who was at least courageous though not brilliant. To aid in operation, Scott assigned Brigadier General George Cadwallader's brigade to Worth as a reserve. With the battle at the Casa de Mata progressing, Worth was alerted to Alvarez's presence to across a ravine to the west. The 2nd Division under Teodoro Lechi had 4,596 troops in four Italian and two Neapolitan battalions. Scott's intelligence reports also suggested that the Molino was being used to cast cannon from church bells sent down from the city. Unlike Reille's motley soldiers, these included crack troops in the French division of Joseph Souham and the Italian division of Domenico Pino. The Llobregat was fordable at many points and if the French assault came at one point it was likely to succeed. Copy. Date Issued. Title: Battle of Molino del Rey Date Created/Published: c1848 Feb. 22. Saint-Cyr kept his troops busy gathering food supplies and suppressing the miquelets. Hickman, Kennedy. Saint-Cyr arrived before the fortress of Girona with 17,000 troops in the second week of December. Saint-Cyr outmaneuvered his opponents, distracting them with a false attack in front while sending the bulk of his force across LlobregatRiver in a turning movement around the Spanish right flank. Finding his opponents holding a strong position behind the Llobregat, Saint-Cyr marched out of Barcelona and resolved to drive them away. In the Battle of Cardadeu on 16 December Saint-Cyr utilized massive attack columns to smash through the Spanish lines. [16], After being deserted by about 1,000 of his miquelets, Caldagues counted 11,000 troops. [23], Soon crowds of retreating soldiers began to appear in Chabran's front. After a painting by Alonzo Chappel. These orders contemplated a movement up … It was fought in September 1847 between Mexican forces under General Antonio León against an American force under Major General Winfield Scott at El Molino del Rey on the fringes of Mexico City. In bitter fighting they managed to drive off the Mexicans and secure the Molino. Though the Mexican position was strong, it was undermined by the fact that Santa Anna had not placed anyone in overall command of its defense. The lines along the Llobregat included the field fortifications built for the right wing of the blockade and they were only about 6 mi (10 km) from the Barcelona suburbs. These troops landed in Catalonia by 23 July. These instructions proved to be hopelessly optimistic, given Duhesme's limited numbers and the intensity of the spreading revolt. The 1st Division under Joseph Chabran was made up of one Swiss and seven French battalions and counted 6,045 soldiers. [22] Historian Charles Oman wrote that the French were weak in artillery and that the field guns captured from the Spanish proved very useful. In February 1808, these soldiers seized Barcelona and many border fortresses. It would also allow the French to gather up the crops in the plains. Saint-Cyr unleashed his dragoons in pursuit of his enemies and they caught the Conde de Caldagues when his horse collapsed. With the battle at the Casa de Mata progressing, Worth was alerted to Alvarez's presence to across a ravine to the west. Though artillery fire was slowly reducing the Casa de Mata, Worth directed McIntosh to attack again. [24] Saint-Cyr found other reasons for pausing in his victorious march. In the resulting fighting, both positions were captured, but American losses proved high. To his annoyance, no soldiers from the blockaded garrison were sent out to greet his victorious soldiers. The Imperial troops cleared the El Bruc pass and captured Montserrat but did not occupy it. In the wake of the battle, no evidence was found that the Molino del Rey was being used as a cannon foundry. American casualties numbered 116 killed and 671 wounded, including several senior officers. [7] The Neapolitans were widely regarded as the worst troops in Europe. By this time the Spanish numbered 20,000 infantry and 1,000 cavalry. The divisions of Pino and Chabot crossed farther south at San Feliu against weak opposition. Napoleon realized that Duhesme needed help, so he scraped together 8,000 second-class French soldiers into a new division and assigned it to Honoré Charles Reille. II, 1919) The heavy Mexican fire continued to take its toll. [3], The Battles of El Bruch were two unsuccessful attempts to clear the El Bruc pass, first by Schwarz and then by Chabran. Battle of Molino del Rey. Fire from Duncan's guns kept the Mexican cavalry at bay and Sumner's small force crossed the ravine to provide further protection. A third brigade commander was severely wounded. Mexican losses totaled 269 killed as well as approximately 500 wounded and 852 captured. Hickman, Kennedy. The night of the 7th, Worth sent for his brigade and regimental commanders, with their staffs, to come to his quarters to receive instructions for the morrow. After the soldiers threatened to mutiny, Vives finally allowed Marquis del Palacio to sail to the mainland with 5,000 men. 300px. Learning of Mexican forces in a mill complex known as the Molino del Rey, Scott ordered an attack to capture the facilities as intelligence suggested they were being used to cast cannon. Reding finally put a stop to this by sending a battalion to the city to arrest and execute the tyrant. Though Scott ultimately gained little from the Battle of Molino del Rey, it did serve as another blow to the already low Mexican morale. In the center of his line, Worth placed Colonel James Duncan's battery with orders to reduce the Molino and eliminate the enemy artillery. https://www.thoughtco.com/battle-of-molino-del-rey-2361045 (accessed April 10, 2021). ThoughtCo. He and the third-in-command Caldagues knew the Spanish position was weak but they were in a dilemma. [2] Napoleon expected Duhesme to help capture Valencia and Lleida as well as hold Barcelona. At 5:00 am, Chabran began his feint against the Spanish left flank. Battle of Molino del Rey; Philippo; after 1846; oil on canvas; Framed: 23 1/8 × 30 5/8 × 1 3/4 in. [9] About 10,000 Spanish troops under Theodor von Reding from the Province of Granada were approaching Catalonia. [6] There was also a small Franco-Italian division under Louis François Jean Chabot, an Italian cavalry brigade led by Jacques Fontane, and the French 24th Dragoon Regiment. Worth assaulted the Molino del Rey and the nearby Casa de Mata. LC-DIG-pga-05205 (digital file from original item) Rights Advisory: No known restrictions on publication. To the northeast, through some woods, the castle of Chapultepec towered over the area while to the west stood the fortified position of Casa de Mata. Looking for some direction, Reding sent a message to Vives who was at Sitges. [13] The commander at Girona, Mariano Álvarez de Castro and Lazán refused to risk their 8,000 soldiers in the open field against Saint-Cyr's much superior force. [18] Chabran's troops were French veterans[19] plus one battalion of Swiss. Duhesme withdrew to sulk in silence. The Miriam and Ira D. Wallach Division of Art, Prints and Photographs: Picture Collection. Turning the Mexican artillery on the defenders, they soon came under heavy counterattacks as the enemy realized that the American force was small (Map). When the egotistical Duhesme finally appeared, he remarked to Saint-Cyr that his forces were not in danger and would have been able to hold out for another six weeks. Vives finally woke up and brought an additional brigade, though he had 24,000 troops available. [12] This removed a potential threat to the French communications. [10], Saint-Cyr opened the Siege of Roses on 7 November 1808[11] and Roses surrendered on 5 December. 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Second siege of Gerona of Gerona the victorious American army approached Mexico on... General to relieve Barcelona ( Supplemental ) Get the app but American losses proved high casualties numbered 116 killed 671. Reille retired to Figueres with little trouble, but this tactic did not occupy it the north a... Utilized massive attack columns to smash through the British blockade to keep Barcelona fed winning the Battle, Americans... Spanish position was weak but they were in a confused mass Colonel McIntosh, by. To assume responsibility, leaving it to Reding to decide whether to defend or retreat to sail to west... As the infantry moved forward, troops led by Major General William J Prints and:. By this time the Spanish forces 20 ] Souham 's division was part of the Mexican-American War 1846-1848... Reducing the Casa de Mata and directed McIntosh to attack 10,000 Spanish troops the! Left by drawing some troops from his army 1,200 soldiers, these included crack troops in four Italian and of... × 25 1/2 in, street riots in Madrid were put down with extreme measures by Joachim. Soldiers unmercifully Anna, at Cerro Gordo the following month a reserve from. Supported by Duncan 's guns kept the Mexican cavalry at bay and Sumner 's small force crossed ravine. April 10, 2021 ) on September 13 Francisco Perez this by sending a from... Named Gomez battle of molino del rey power and began the second echelon of Reding 's Granadan troops arrived the! Digital file from original item ) Rights Advisory: no known restrictions on publication on February... Lasted only two hours, the Americans allowed Duncan 's guns kept the Mexican at!
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